How do you protect IP and confidentiality with offshore developers?

Three layers of protection. First, NDAs signed before any project discussions, so sensitive context during scoping calls is legally protected. Second, source code and IP transfer in writing before kick off, so every commit is owned by your company, not the engineer or the agency. Third, ISO 27001 certified operational substrate covering access control, secret management, audit trails, and incident response. Engineers cannot copy code off their work machines, repository access is logged, and credentials are managed through secret vaults rather than shared documents.