How do you scale a Laravel web application?

Scaling Laravel is well understood. We profile bottlenecks with Telescope and Pulse, move heavy work to queues processed by Horizon, cache aggressively with Redis, introduce read replicas for the database, and horizontally scale the application layer through Forge or Vapor. For very large workloads we add CDN caching, edge functions, and asynchronous event driven flows. We have taken Laravel applications from a 12 second cold start to sub second response times in three sprints.